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KMID : 0380319700040000063
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Journal of Korean Research Institute for Better Living
1970 Volume.4 No. 0 p.63 ~ p.68
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Taxonomic study on Genus Taraxacum in South Korea
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Abstract
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Since early in the twentieth century several plant taxonomists have syudied Korean flora including the genus Taraxacum and described many species of the taxa. Nakai reported eleven species of Korean dandelions based on the characteristics of gross morphology on Synoptical Sketch of Korean Flora in 1952. Ohwi reported twentg two species of Japanese Taraxacum in Flora of Japan in 1965.
Dandelions present very similar gross morphology among them, therefore, the taxa can not be identified easily according to the phenotypes. Seems to be many nusolved problems of the Korea dandelion classificaftion.
It is proposed to study the dandelions in south Korea for cytotaxonomic and anatomical viewpoints. Chromosomes of the dandelions were counted at the root tips by smear method applying aceto-orecein. The chromosomes are as follow: Taraxaum platycarpum H.Dahlataedt 2n=24, T. coreanum Nakai 2n=32, T. officinale Weber(introduced) 2n= 24, Thallasanensis Nakai 2n=16, native south Korean dandelions show polyploidal chromosome numbers as 16,24, and 32. Japanese taxa of Taraxacum platycarpum shown 16 chromosomes in somatic cell, while the same taxon in Korea was counted as 24 chromosomes.
Epidermal patterns of leaf blades were examined and the largest stomata and fundamental cells of epidermis were found on T. coreanum Nakai. The fundamental cells of epidermis of T. hallasanensis is shallowly waved, but the fundamental cell walls of leaf epidermis of T. officinale are deeply waved and the stomata are larger than the former taxon (Table 1, Plate2, fig. 2).
Pappus hairs of the dandelions show definitely different lengths among the taxa and also leaf shapes (Table fig 1,2,3,)
The characteristics of cytology and epidermal patterns are correlated with the pappus and leaf shapes. All these characteristics can be very useful for identification and finding the systematic line of the Korean dandelions.
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